Assessment of Acetylcholinestrase Inhibiton by Bacopa Monneiri and Acephate in Hippocampus of Chick Brain for Impediment of Alzheimer’s Disease

World Alzheimer Report of 2015 [1] has estimated that 46.8 million people are currently living with dementia worldwide which will be further increased to 74.7 million by 2030 and 131.5 million by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuro-degenerative disorder and common form of dementia, which progress gradually with the age. The common symptom of AD is memory impairment and cognitive shortfall due to low levels of acetylcholine in the brain of AD patients. According to the cholinergic theory, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that catalyzes acetylcholine hydrolysis, increases the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, thus improving cholinergic functions in AD patients [2]. At present tacrine, donezepil, rivastigmine and galanthamine are few approved drugs for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The clinical response of these drugs has limited effectiveness and has some kind of side effect in AD patients. These side effects include Dizziness and syncope, Bradycardia, atrial arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, angina, seizures Sino-atrial and atrioventricular block [3]. Galanthamine is a natural alkaloid first obtained from Galanthus spp. was approved by US-FDA in 2001. Recently Huperzine A, an alkaloid derived from Huperzia spp., has been recommended as commercialized AChEi as a dietary supplement to treat AD symptoms in China, which gives promising results in memory improvement [4]. Screening of 23 pure Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and 26 extracts from different species of the genus Narcissus have shown positive results for their Acethylcholinesterase inhibitory activity using galanthamine as a reference [5]. Herbal remedies for Alzheimer’s disease have become more and more popular in the recent years and not without a reason that there is a possibility Volume 4 Issue 5 2016